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The city of Europos was founded on the Euphrates River in Syria at the end of the 4th century B.C. (312 B.C) by the Seleucids, a Macedonian family from the Macedonistic period, as just one of probably many trading centers and garrison towns on the major commercial and communication route connecting India and the Mediterranean.
Its function was like that of any other Seleucid frontier town: to ensure the entrenchment of Macedonian power in the region.
Europos population under the Seleucids consisted of two major groups: wealthy land-owning Balkan colonists who were to maintain the city’s security and act as representatives of the Macedonian way of life, and indigenous Semitic peoples of Mesopotamia.
Additionally, small sectors of the population were consistently in flux, with a stream of merchants, soldiers and other officials, as well as civilians, all using the city as a stop in their travels. Because of its geography and the very nature of its inhabitants, then, Europos enjoyed a polyglot, urban, and religiously complex culture. Indeed, evidence suggests that the citizens of Europos mixed freely together. Many Balkan colonists, for example, married or employed their non-Balkan neighbors, and in some families one could find not only Macedonian names, but also Persian and local Semitic ones, as well.
Furthermore, because Semitic religions were tolerated under Seleucid rule, the spiritual life of the city was marked early on by the worship of both Western and Eastern deities (sometimes fused together).
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